• Partner at Apolo Abogados (2018 – present)
• Specializing in constitutional, administrative, financial, tax, corporate, and general business law.
• Independent Consultant and Advisor (2008, 2013)
• Project Manager at Persona (June 2007 – September 2008) Managed projects and research, developed new services, and provided direct consulting to private sector clients, both for-profit and non-profit.
• International Correspondent, Revista Estadio (2003 – 2004)
• Legal Assistant, Pareja & Asociados (July 2002 – January 2003)
• Legal Assistant, Estudio Jurídico “Abogado Carlos Chávez Negrete” (January 2002 – June 2002)

• National Superintendent of the Securities Market, Superintendency of Companies, Securities, and Insurance (2013 – 2018) Directed global and strategic oversight of securities markets and fiduciary sectors in Ecuador. Implemented administrative measures and imposed sanctions for regulatory violations, and supervised the preparation and approval of securities market regulations. Occasionally substituted as National Superintendent of Companies.
• General Advisor, Superintendency of Companies (April 2011 – April 2013) Advised on institutional management and regulatory challenges, with a focus on corporate and market regulations.
• Secretariat of Communication, Office of the Presidency of the Republic (August 2009 – January 2011) Provided political and legal counsel, focusing on human rights, freedom of expression, and legal frameworks. Coordinated closely with the Legal Secretariat.
• Presidential Advisor, Electoral Disputes Tribunal (November 2008 – July 2009) Drafted legal rulings, produced legal reports, and offered constitutional interpretation and advisory services to the tribunal’s leadership.
• Auxiliary to the Final Drafting Commission, Constituent Assembly (June – July 2008) Assisted with legal and political analysis in the final drafting of Ecuador’s current Constitution.

• PhD Candidate, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina
• Global Certificate Program for Regulators of Securities Markets (IOSCO/PIFS), Harvard Law School
• Law Degree, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil (Public Law specialization)
• Bachelor’s Degree in International Relations, Universidad de Palermo (Buenos Aires, Argentina)

Rafael ha realizado la publicación de los siguientes artículos:

• “The Marketing of Financial Instruments and Other Products in the Ecuadorian Securities Market: Regulation and Responsibilities of Intermediaries and Other Participants”, Revista Iberoamericana de Mercados de Valores, No. 51, July 2017.
• “Key Changes in Ecuadorian Securities Market Legislation: A Three-Pronged Analysis”, Revista Iberoamericana de Mercados de Valores, No. 42, July 2014.
• “An Introduction to Electoral Systems in 9,674 Characters”, GK, 2012.
• “Twenty Years After ‘The End of History'”, Revista La Otra, November 2011.
• “The New Electoral Law and Political Parties in the Republic of Ecuador: In Light of the 2008 Constitution”, (publication pending).
• “The Principle of Determinacy and Its Application in Ecuadorian Electoral Law”, in Studies of Electoral Justice, Tribunal Contencioso Electoral, 2009.
• “Toward a New System of Government: Institutional Design of Presidentialism in Ecuador’s New Constitution”, in Constitutional Challenges: The Constitution in Perspective, Ministry of Justice and Human Rights – Constitutional Tribunal, 2008.
• “(I)legitimate Defense”, El Universo, March 26, 2008.
• “Marine Resources and the Law of the Sea”, El Universo, January 2, 2008.
• “Change and Continuity: The Maelstrom of Executive-Legislative Relations in Ecuador”, Revista Guayaquil, October 2007.
• “Notes on Marx”, Revista AEDUC, September 2007.
• “The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (CONVEMAR): Protection of Ecuador’s Marine Natural Resources and Its Ratification”, International Presentation.